Process relating to the tempering of projectiles and apparatus therefor,



R. A. HADFIELD, A. G M. JACK, l. B. MILNE AND W. E. PARKER.

PROCESS RELATING TO THE TEMPERING 0F PROJECTILES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21.12am.

1 ,3 1 0,074. Patented July 15, 1919.

wi/tmooeo 1111167 HoxZiW R. A. HADFIELD, A. G. M. JACK, l. B. MILNE AND W. E. PARKER.

PROCESS RELATING TO THE TEMPERPING 0F PROJECTILES AND APPARATUS THEPEFOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 27. 19M.

1 ,3 1 0,074. Patented July 15, 1919.

Of the views Figure 1 is a horizontal sectional view of a suitable structure providing chambers wherein the projectiles are subjected to desirable temperatures. Flg. 2 1s a vertical cross-sectional view thereof. Fig.

.3 is a cross-sectional view of the projectile carrier of our invention (section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 5). Fi 4 is a side elevational view at rightanges to Fig. 3 with portions shown in section. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the carrier with a portion bIOlifiIl away and Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail view of a portionof Fig. 3. l

The arrangement, as shown, comprises a tunnel like structure, '1 (hereinafter called a tunnel) composed of the su porting side walls 1--1 and the arched r00 2. The tunnel so formed at its bottom is provided with track rails 3-3 extending lo 'tudinally therethrough and it is arrang to be d1- vided by two end and two intermediate vertically movable doors 5, into three chambers or compartments A, B and C. Preferably each door is constructed of fireclay slabs fixed in a steel frame and fitted to slide in vertical slide-ways 66 and to that end they are supported by chains 88 from supporting and operating shafts 9-9 positioned above the slidewa s 6. The lifting chains 8 are carried by pullbys 1010 on the shafts 9, connected at one end to the door and are provided on their opposite ends with coun terbalance weights 11-11. are journaled in suitably supported bearings 12-42 and are provided with rs 14 meshing with pinion 15 on sui l journaled operating shaft 17. On the en ofthe operating shaft 17 is a pulley or chain wheel 20, thus-gearedto rotate the shafts 9 for raising or lowering of the door when rotilted by an operating chain 22 indicated for that purpose. The doors, by reason of countenbalancing will remain in adjusted position.

Chambers A and B are heating chambers and are provided at one or at opposite sides with a number of separately controllable burners 24 adapted to burn a mixture of air and gas or oil the quantities of which are capable of adjustment in the usual way, the burners bein arranged in such a position as to give the est heating effect to the body portion of a group of projectiles mounted to rotate in the said chambers. Chamber C is a cooling chamber. Each chamber may be open to a greater or less extent'at the bottom and be provided at the u per end with outlets d as shown in Fig. 2 or exit, of hot products of combustion or air, as the case may be. Gas mains 25-25 are shown comwith each of the burners. The openings at the bottom are prbvided by raisin the doors '5.

e means for carry "and revolving each group of projectiles is \best shown in The shafts 9 Figs. 3 to 6 and desliralbly ciunpg-ises a stationar sup rting ate or p at rm 30 supported hori ntally within a tank 31 open at the to Y and carried by the 'bogie or wheeled ve iole 32 adapted to travel through the tunnel on the'trackrails therein. The supporting plate 30 may be adjustable in height as shown, by being supported upon four screw studs 34 having threaded thereon supportin and clamping nuts 3536 by which the pate is held in position. The sup rting plate is provided-on its upper ,su ace with an annular track or raceway 37 for balls 38 arranged therein to support a mam parrier plate 40. .The carrier glate'40 is of-annular form and is provide on its outer periphery with gear teeth 41 and is rov'ided on its under surface with a bearlng ring 42 having an annular groove therein complemental to the cove of raceway 37 in forming a raceway r the bearing balls 38. An elongated driving gear 45 is arranged in mesh with the teeth 41 of the carrier plate 40. This gear is secured on a vertical shaft 46 journaled in upper bracket 47 and a bearing base 48 and on the shaft is secured the worm gear 50 engaged by an operating worm 51 on a horizontal shaft 52. This latter shaft is carried by an lnnerbearing 53 and an outer bearing 54 carried by the side of the tank 31. The end of the shaft 52 is formed as a socket to receive one end of a flexible, telescopic or other suitable drivin shaft which is insorted through a sui 1y arranged aperture in one of the side walls of the tunnel when the vehicle and associated parts have been moved mto the required position for the heating of the pro ectiles carried on the main carrler, the arrangement being such that the main carrier can be rotated at the .real ured speed which usually will be slow.

' stantly c anging. To this and each projectile J is carried on a subsidiary annular carmar 56, of which five are shown concentrically arranged, the carriers having their under surfaces grooved to co-act with annular grooves of bearin rin 58 to form annular ball races for i all I ings 59 upon which the subsidiary carriers rotate. Each of the carriers 56 is of annular form and is toothed around its periphery at 60, the teeth thereof gearing into the teeth of a stationary annular toothed rack 62 secured to the sup porting platform 30 bybolts 63 and spacing sleeves 64. As the annular rack 62 is concentric with the main carrier and the subsidiary carriers carried thereon, it results that upon rotation of the main carrier the aim owin to, their projectiles will be revolved therewith and by reason of the constant engagement of the teethof the subsidiary carriers with the rack the subsidiary carriers will also be caused to -rotate and rotate the individual pro'ectiles about their vertical axes.

he subsidiary carriers are suitably formed and recessed as shown, to support the proljectiles in inverted position and are desirab y provided with recessed ogival shaped rings 66 to fit. around the ogival shaped head of an inverted projectile placed therein and extending therethrough.

Water is caused toflow in such quantity as may be desired through the tank during the heating and come 1n contact with the heads of the pro ectlles, the water being delivered into the tank, conveniently through a flexible PP e P the side walls of the tunnel and extending over the edge of the tank. The overflow is through an outlet pipe F. (See Figs. 2 andfi.) By suitably regulating the amount of water passing through the tank in a given time any temperatureof thewaterup to boiling int can be obtained, and in casesin whic oil is used instead ofwater a higher temperature than the ordinary boiling point of water canbe obtained to suit requirement The depth to which the heads of the projectiles arepimmersedin the water can be regulated by varying the height of the overflow outlet or by raising or lowering the platform carrying the rotary carriers. O viously this invention is'subject to various modifications without departing from the. broader scope thereof As will I grozectile as now used m nd. weight, 14! pro ectile beingsome ve feet high and about a ton in,, weight. The arrange* m n h ei cites a r ady solution thereof, s1 firmly isc l atie theta-1 m ns hssals s'sr 'Pma dflw d r estsmr rma Havingdescribed our invention a we claljm P r th than o i r c's n2 ist herr is il i h? P int n a Wi ling M n and bawdy, and ntire remain ,"nro ectile cheating resents-a l rm in a exp t1 1 idii f t Passe new of the bodiesof the projectiles assed through a hole in one of be ma understood the tempering of the liaiifiers ze supporting: tru

was s -t while thepoint' i i i nhc ewa t with th r po n s; Y e s sase lsws the .i-prmm le a)" hea ng. a mou t m gma s ing pro'ectiles consisting in arranging the project' es in a suitable carrier with their points immersed in a cooling medium, subecting the exposed portions of the, pro ectiles to a heatm means while so sup orted therein and rotating the projectiles with relation to the heating means for the uniform heating thereof.

5. The herein described process for tempering projectiles consisting in arranging a series of projectiles .in a suitable carrier with their points immersed in a cooling medium and positignin the carrier in successive chambers for su jecting the exposed portionsnofthe projectiles to the temperatures thereof whlle maintaining the points immersed in the coolin medium.

6. The herein descri processfor tempering projectiles consisting in arranging a series 0 projectiles in. a suitable carrier with their points immersed in a cooling medium, Eeositioning the carrierin successlve chamrs in the presence of a heating means therein rotating the carrier constantly to change the position of the prgjectiles relative to the heating means tote ect uniform heating tereof,

. 7. A carrier for projectiles, comfrising a a tank sufppo i I thereon for contaiannga iquid c0911 medium and a mi' icjse p m Q ar ang within thetank and sa cooling medium; H p v K wt er, for, P s sswm' s pp r i g" tra k a,

"miss ssh v; s ti f f su e mnethe gnkandadaptedto 1 nits 1mm owni g medium n r to be ubjected to the influence of heating means a pe n aspajectileswith; their-points the l. r 'i for containing ailiquid coo mg] msdinni, a 2? the projectiles will simultaneously be re volved and rotated about their individual axes. v

10. A carrier for pro'ectiles com rising a 5 supporting truck a t supported thereon for a liquid cooling medium, a stationary supporting plate supported to be vertically ad ustable within the tank, hearings on the supporting plate, a main carrier rotatable on the bearings, a peripheral gear on the main carrier, a driving gear in enga ment therewith to rotate the main carrier; "vin connections thereto extended externally o the tank, supports for the pro'ectiles our-. naled on the carrier in concen ric arrange ment and provided with gear teeth on their outer peripheries and a stationary annular rack supported concentric to the mutual axis of the sup rts andto constantly engaged by e gear teeth of the supports reby they are rotated about their indiwhe vidual axes.

11. The herein described process of temporing the bod portion of a projectile after ardeni wit out 'afieetinge'or unduly affecting e of the head or point, which in first hardening the entire P j t end-th n smp ns the P'wi tile wi ts point arranged downwardly and a cooling liquid and sub- ;thelbody and entire remainder of the projectileto fa: and tempera? temperature while the point is so protec IBaMea-ns foiprojectiles com series ofchambers, for heat- [e same; a" continuous track passing through' the a truck to run on said track, 'a said truck, a carrier inthe tank for a plurality of projectiles, means to rotate the carrier, annular supports one for each projectile on the carrier, means to rotate and supports and means to elevate and de rose" the carrier varying heights in the n described dormly the of proje tiles aw me e s e 'p i ile withthelr I e" j a cooling 'q h flbtwiedilmm'ing he prfliwfiilw 1 heating urnace end wtile se'imov hs ;,ie p j es onwa y -,mov1ug s deto side in thefurnace'and each .m ectile and fi y inf spent! cool c am formlfl the bodies of pro'ectiles afterlhardsning without unduly allecting the Qff'thehead; which consists in firstherdenih ths rojectile's, then an port ing them" wit :the r I ints-imm in a cooling liquid and ii theirhodiffi expoosed, ri i vinbghen 1 h tinfl ll e 0 s o p y lateral mot-fin while through the u chamber, and -.mmi g2eeh series of e hereindesnrihed rocess of K111i ectile' without r or em; a asantry ma; W a K p V of the sai porti n tea suit after hardenin without unduly a ecting the hardness o the head,- which consists in supporting the projectiles with their-points immersed in a cooling medium, moving the projectiles through zones of diiferent degrees of temperature, and rotating each projectile while so moving to expose the entire surface to the direct action of the heat, thereby to insure uniform heating of the projectile body, and finallycooling. V

16 The herein described process of tempering projectiles which consists insupporting' a group of the same on a suitable car, each beingsuplported independently on a suitable rotata e support on said car, moving the car through a chamber. or series of chambers to heat and then cool the pro jeetiles, and while so moving the car, rotating the entire group of pro ectiles and rotating each projectile independent of the others. r 90 17; The herein described process of tempering projectiles which consists in supportmg the same on a suitable car, pointvdownwardly and with theirpointsimmersed in liquid, each projectile" being supported independently on a suitable support on said car, movinfithe car through achamber or c embers, graduallyto heat and then adually to coolithe'projectiles, rotating t e entire group of projectiles'as the car is so moving and simultaneously" rotatigg each projectile independently of the ers. a r 1 18. The herein described of 'tema r ed d r udi ysa 1* t e r tata on] said support and ieach beingarwnith int-dewnsndi 1 suitable trough, moving the support through a chamber or seties'ofchambersto heatjand then cool the'proie tile hodiestlm whneso;

moving I the 811" ort, rotating thffll lii re 1,1

gr up of pro 1 es n ta mgea h protile independently of the otherasubstan 1 tially as 'and'shovmn, r

19. The herein described pmeessf ofy j P nhe ody r wf Whfl Md J 0+: A

I hardness-e the; Pointed front p ti n at; Praises which consists in sugpillhi ig i s p m t" Point downward wiit is a P r n cflhlil g ql ld a 131% Jecting said body po on, e s ef aug tqiasuitable heating aud f pers maf er a dm1? mini" stemable and-then remcving it from the cooling zone, substantially as described and shown.

20. The herein described process of tempering the body portion of a hardened projectile without reducing the hardness of the pointed front end portion of the projectile, which consists in supporting the projectile point downward with its pointed front end portion immersed in a cooling liquid, subjecting said body portion of the projectile to a suitable heating and tempering temperature, afterward slowly cooling the said body portion and when cooled to the desired degree, removing it from the cooling zone, substantially as described and shown.

21. The herein described process of temering the body portion of a hardened roectile without reducing the hardness o the pointed front end portion of the projectile, which consists in supporting the projectile point downward with its pointed front end portion immersed in a cooling liquid, subjecting said body portion of the projectile to a suitable heating, and tempering tempera.- ture, afterward slowly reducing the temperature of the said body portion of the psojectile and removing it from the cooling zone when sufficiently cooled, substantially as described and shown.

22. The herein described process of tempering the body portion of a hardened projectile without reducing the hardness of the pointed front end portion of the projectile which consists in supporting the projectile point downward with its pointed front end portion immersed in a cooling liquid, subject-ing said body portion of the projectile to a suitable heating and tempering tem peratnre, afterward slowly reducing the temperature of the said body portion of the projectile and removing it from the cooling zone while still heated, for completing its cooling by quenching it in a cooling medium outside the cooling zone substantially as described and shown.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

R. A. HADFIELD. A. G. M. JACK.

Witnesses:

HAROLD HALLATT, LEONARD ROWLAND.

I. B. MILNE. W. E. PARKER. Witnesses to the signatures of Isaac Bernard Milne and William Edwin Parker:

W. PARISH, J. WATERHOUSE. 

